EVM Version Information
You are asked to provide the EVM version the contract uses during the verification process. If the bytecode does not match the version, we try to verify using the latest EVM version (currently London).
For more information, see the Solidity docs on specifying the EVM version when compiling a contract. Note that backward compatibility is not guaranteed between each version.
Name | Date | Mainnet Block # | Relevant changes / opcode specs | EIP details |
Homestead | 14 Mar 2016 | 1,150,000 | Oldest version | |
Tangerine Whistle | 18 Oct 2016 | 2,463,000 | Gas cost to access other accounts increased, impacts gas estimation and optimization.
All gas sent by default for external calls, previously a certain amount had to be retained. | |
Spurious Dragon | 22 Nov 2016 | 2,675,000 | Gas cost for the exp opcode increased, impacts gas estimation and optimization. | |
Byzantium | 16 Oct 2017 | 4,370,000 | Opcodes returndatacopy, returndatasize and staticcall available in assembly.
staticcall opcode used when calling non-library view or pure functions, which prevents the functions from modifying state at the EVM level, this even applies to invalid type conversions.
Ability to access dynamic data returned from function calls.
revert opcode introduced, revert() will not waste gas. | |
Constantinople / Petersburg | 28 Feb 2019 | 7,280,000 | Opcodes create2, extcodehash, shl, shr and sar are available in assembly.
Bitwise shifting operators use shifting opcodes (shl,shr,sar), requiring less gas. | |
Istanbul | 08 Dec 2019 | 9,069,000 | Opcodes chainid and selfbalance are available in assembly. | |
Berlin | 14 Apr 2021 | 12,244,000 | Gas costs for SLOAD, *CALL, BALANCE, EXT* and SELFDESTRUCT increased. The compiler assumes cold gas costs for such operations. This is relevant for gas estimation and the optimizer. | |
London | 05 Aug 2021 | |||
Arrow Glacier* | 09 Aug 2021 | Delays the difficulty bomb until June 2022. | ||
Gray Glacier* | 30 June 2022 | Delays the difficulty bomb by an additional 3 months to September 2022. |
*Does not impact version for contract verification.